PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED ENERGY PREPAID METER USING GSM part 1

Sometimes it is always difficult to get the exact thing you are looking for online, that is why i have put this blog together to solve your exact problem.

Now a days the traditional manual Meter Reading was not suitable for longer operating purposes as it spends much human and material resource. It brings additional problems in calculation of readings and billing manually. The number of Electricity consumers is increasing in great extent. It became a hard task in handling and maintaining the power as per the growing requirements. Presently maintenance of the power is also an important task as the human operator goes to the consumer’s house and produces the bill as per the meter reading. If the consumer is not available, the billing process will be pending and human operator again needs to revisit. Going to each and every consumer’s house and generating the bill is a laborious task and requires lot of time. It becomes very difficult especially in rainy season. If any consumer did not pay the bill, the operator needs to go to their houses to disconnect the power supply. These processes are time consuming and difficult to

handle. Moreover, the manual operator cannot find the Un-authorized connections or malpractices carried out by the consumer to reduce or stop the meter reading/power supply. The human error can open an opportunity for corruption done by the human meter reader. So the problem which arises in the billing system can become inaccurate and inefficient.But, in this proposal greatly reduces the manpower, save time and operates efficiently without any human interference. And the person who is checking the amount electricity consumed by the user automatically using the microcontroller chip. Our proposed model and project work aims that a new approach for data security and transmission of data using GSM technology.

In this project Energy Prepaid Meter contains the:

1. AC voltage measurement 

2. AC current measurement

3. Zero Crossing Detection(ZCD)
4. EEPROM

5. Keypad 

6. LCD

7. Real-time clock

1.     AC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

Talking about the AC voltage measurement which are likely 110v and 220v depending on country Power source as we all know that microcontroller maximum input voltage is 5v. i will try to simplify the technique for reading AC volts with microcontroller.

 Firstly i will start by explaining the circuit i designed above,

 The reason for using a transformer is to create isolation (removing circuit from electrical shocks) and also to step-down the voltage from 220v to 9v.

 The diodes in the circuit are used for recification, converting AC to DC

 I used the capacitor to remove ripples and also for voltage stability

 The Resistors are used to create voltage divider to get 5v which is equivalent to 220v.

TIPs

  you must adjust the variable resistor to give you the AC volts / 100 of the AC voltage

 example if i have 219v as my AC input then you must preset your variable resistor to have 2.19v at the ADC terminal.

THE CODE IS WRITTEN USING mikroC COMPILER

 /************************************************

 *************************************************

 CODE WRITTEN BY PULSETRONICS TECHNOLOGY

 +2348188515146 OR EMAIL: microprogrammer@ymail.com

 *************************************************

 *************************************************/

// Lcd pinout settings

sbit LCD_RS at RB4_bit;

sbit LCD_EN at RB6_bit;

sbit LCD_D7 at RB3_bit;

sbit LCD_D6 at RB2_bit;

sbit LCD_D5 at RB1_bit;

sbit LCD_D4 at RB0_bit;

// Pin direction

sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISB4_bit;

sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISB6_bit;

sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISB3_bit;

sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISB2_bit;

sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISB1_bit;

sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISB0_bit;

              float AC_volt;

              unsigned char AC_volt1[6];

              

              

void main(){

            TRISA = 0xFF;  TRISB = 0x00;        //CONFIGURING PORTS

            PORTB=0;                            // CLEARING PORT

            LCD_INIT();                         //Initialise LCD

            LCD_CMD(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);            // off cursor

            LCD_CMD(_LCD_CLEAR);                 // clear display

            

            while(1){                          //ENDLESS LOOP

            

             AC_volt = ADC_READ(0);           // taking reading

             AC_volt = AC_volt * 500/1024 ;    // converting reading to digital

             Floattostr(AC_volt,AC_volt1) ;   //convert float to string

             AC_volt1[5]=0;

             LCD_OUT(1,3,"PULSETRONICS");      // lcd display out

             LCD_OUT(2,1,"AC volt: ");

             LCD_OUT_CP(AC_volt1);          // display reading

             LCD_CHR_CP('v');

             delay_ms(1000);                //  delay 1 sec

             }

}

               

          

In the Next part i shall be discussing on how to measurement Ac current using  Pic microcontroller.

thanks for your time.